Against the City's will, Archduke Leopold V allows Jesuits to settle in Freiburg as a form of Counter Reformation.

Swedish troops conquer Freiburg in the 30 Years' War.

Duke Bernhard of Saxon-Weimar, an ally of France, lays siege to the city and is given control of Freiburg on April 2nd.

Following Bernhard's death, French troops once again occupy the territory.

Freiburg's council pays homage to Ludwig XIII, King of France..

Der bayrische FeldmarschalThe Bavarian Field Marshall Franz of Mercy forces the hand over of the city and has a bloody battle with the occupying French troops on the Lorettoberg.

Troops from France and Weimar attempt an unsuccessful siege of Freiburg. The Treaty of Westphalia brings a new order to the Oberrhein (Upper Rhine). Freiburg looses its territories in Alsace and the river Rhine becomes the new border to France.

Master of the Guilds Christoph Mang donates the Loretto Chapel in memory of the Lorettoberg battle.

Ludwig XIV laws siege to Freiburg and captures the city on November 16th.

In the Peace Treaty of Nimwegen, Freiburg is handed over to France. The city ramparts are rebuilt under Vauban's supervision.

Ludwig XIV takes up quarters in the Basler Hof and inspects the ramparts.

Ludwig XIV donates a new university, which is bilingual and based on French models.

The Treaty of Rijswijk places Freiburg and Breisach once again in the Empire.

As a consequence of the war over the inheritance of the Spanish throne, Kaiser Leopold I gives back Freiburg its old privileges.

The nobility is removed from all city posts.

French troops lay siege to Freiburg. Ferdinand Mayer negotiates courageously and the city is surrendered without a battle. He is later granted a title.

Freiburg and Breisach are once more returned to the Empire in the Treaty of Rastatt.

The linden tree which still exists today in Oberlinden(Upper Linden) is planted.

The city is once again occupied by the French. Before departing the city, they raze Freiburg's ramparts to the ground.

The Jesuit Order is abolished by a papal decree.

Abolishment of serfdom.

The beginning of secularization: The Kartäuser and Klarissen Cloisters are abolished.

A new Magisterial Constitution ends the city's self government.

The French Revolution. Many French emigrants flee to Freiburg.

In light of an imminent French invasion, Freiburg citizens and students form an honor corps to defend the city.

French revolutionary troops occupy Freiburg and are then repelled by Archduke Karl's army.

The Treaty of Campo Formio between France and Austria promises Freiburg to Duke Herkules III of Modena as compensation. Because of the limited income, he turns the offer down.

The French General Tareau occupies the city and holds it for ransom. He demands payments of contribution.

The Duke of Modena's right to the city is confirmed, but he still refuses to take up reign. Thus, the city remains under French occupation.

After Napoleon's victories near Oberelchingen (Ulm) and Austerlitz, the Breisgau and Freiburg belong to the electoral prince of Baden, who is a descendent of the Zähringer.

The Bertoldsbrunnen is built as a historical monument to celebrate Freiburg's return to rule by a Zähringer descendent.

During the War of Liberation, 660,000 soldiers from the Austrian, Prussian, and Russian allied armies pass through Freiburg.

As a result of the war, Freiburg lives through a time of price increases and poverty.

A papal bull declares that Freiburg shall succeed Konstanz as the seat of the Archbishop.

The railway line between Freiburg and Offenburg is built.

The Baden Revolution: The revolutionary movement, which was latent until March, spreads from Baden to all the German states. The movement advocates freedom of the press, jury courts and a general German parliament.

Because Freiburg is the seat of the provisionary revolutionary government, it is subject to a temporary occupation by Prussian troops.

The city has 16,441 residents.

A government edict recognizes the Israelite community as a public body.

The Franco-Prussian war: Baden's 5th Infantry Regiment is stationed in Freiburg and fights near Belfort.

The festive unveiling of the Siegesdenkmals (Victory Monument).

The 1000th student matriculates.

For the first time, women are allowed to study at the University.

The Stadttheaters (City Theatre) is opened.

Food rationing begins. The first bombs fall.

On November 9th, people on the Karlsplatz cry for revolution. Soldiers' councils are established. The Grand Duke abdicates his thrown and Baden becomes a republic.

8000 of Freiburg's 100,000 residents are unemployed. Hitler speaks in Mösle Stadium.

Freiburg once again becomes a garrison city.

German-French war front veterans meet and talk of atonement and peace.

Freiburg's Synagogue is burned during the Nazi organized Crystal Night pogrom. All Jewish men under the age of 85 are arrested.

German planes mistakenly drop approximately 60 bombs on Freiburg near the train station. 57 people are killed. Until the end of the war, the bombing is officially declared to be an enemy attack.

Trench workers and Volksturm (form of citizens army) receive orders. The Vichy government flees through Freiburg to Sigmaringen. On the 27th of November, air attacks destroy a large portion of Freiburg..

French tanks roll into Freiburg on April 21st. On October 28th, General Charles de Gaulle leads the victory parade on the Kaiser-Joseph-Straße.

Freiburg votes in the plebiscite with 52.2% in favour of Baden remaining an individual state. The City is outvoted by other sections of the land.

Albert-Ludwigs-Universität is 500 years old

Besancon becomes Freiburg's first partner city, followed by: Innsbruck (1963); Padua (1968); and Guildford (1979). (See Partner Cities).

850 years of market privileges. A repetition of the 1951 plebiscite. Only 18.1% vote for a sovereign Baden.

Freiburg's population is now 180,000, with approximately 16,000 students.

The three remaining French tank divisions stationed in Freiburg are discharged and take their leave as part of the reduction of allied troops in Germany.